The Islam Religion Essay Research Paper Islam free essay sample

The Islam Religion Essay, Research Paper Islam is a faith that is still really much alive today. A adult male named Mohammed offered Arabs the faith of Islam. Mohammed was born in approximately 570 A.D. in Mecca. He became known for honestness and good concern sense when he was a adolescent. He married a adult female by the name of Khadija who was a widow that ran her ain concern. He frequently meditated in a cave outside Mecca and rejected the many Gods of the tribal faith. At the age of 40 he believed he saw the angel Gabriel. He said Gabriel ordered him to, ? Recite in the name of thy Lord! ? He so offered the Arabs the faith of Islam, which is monotheistic. Islam means, ? resignation to Allah? in Arabic. The followings of Islam are called Muslims, which means? those who submit to God? s will? . The Islam faith has a holy book called the Koran. We will write a custom essay sample on The Islam Religion Essay Research Paper Islam or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Muslims believe it contains the word of God as it was revealed to Mohammed. They believe that the Koran should non be changed or questioned? even interlingual renditions from Arabic. The Muslims position God as the swayer of Eden and Earth? like Christianity and Judaism. They believe God is almighty, merciful, and merely. The have no priests, because they believe they can pass on straight with God. They believe Mohammed was the last and greatest of the Prophetss, and do non believe Jesus and the Hebrew Prophetss are couriers of God. They besides do non idolize Mohammed as a God. All Muslims have five spiritual responsibilities ( Five Pillars of Islam ) : 1. They must accept and reiterate: ? There is no God but Allah, and Mohammed is his prophesier? ( statement of religion ) . 2. They must confront the holy metropolis of Mecca and pray at least 5 times a twenty-four hours. 3. They have the responsibility to be generous to the hapless. 4. They must fast during Ramadan? the 9th month in the Muslim calendar. 5. They must do one pilgrims journey to the holy metropolis of Mecca, unless they are non physically and non financially able. In 622 A.D. Mohammed left Mecca and moved to Medina. The move is now known as the Hegira? which means? the breakage of former ties? . In 630 A.D. Mecca surrendered to the Muslims. Mohammed died 2 old ages subsequently in 632 A.D. Mohammed? s friend Abu Bakr became leader after he died. The Muslims have many major cultural accomplishments. They converted people ( other than Christians and Jewish ) to the Islam faith, and introduced Arabian Equus caballuss, new nutrients, and the Arabic linguistic communication to Western Europe. They influenced other civilizations by their accomplishments, besides. Some of their cultural accomplishments are in doctrine, mathematics, scientific discipline, engineering, Farming, medical specialty, literature, architecture, and art. Those are the things we learn in school today and they contributed some of it. In farming they learned how to maintain the dirt fertile, and brought Equus caballuss ( and new nutrient ) to Europe. In medical specialty they at one clip became the most adept and best-trained physicians. They discovered new medical specialties and anaesthetics that we still use today. In art, they made beautiful pictures, rugs, blades, and illumination pictures. They made fantastic architectural plants inside mosques, and mosa ics besides. A batch of the things we see could hold been created or enhanced by the Muslims, if we merely took the clip to believe about it. ? Textbook: Houghton Mifflin History of the World Copyright: 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company Pages 197-207 ? Website: The Islamic Foundation of Greater St. Louis- An Introduction to Islam hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ifgstl.org/html/basics/basicsnf.htm ? Website: Imuslim- Your Beginning for Islam on the Net hypertext transfer protocol: //www.imuslim.com ? Website: Al-Islam hypertext transfer protocol: //www.al-islam.com ? Website: Unknown hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mrdowling.com/605-islam.html

The Hardest ACT Reading Questions Ever

The Hardest ACT Reading Questions Ever SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re aiming for a top score on the ACT Reading section, you probably want to know what the hardest questions look like so you’re prepared for everything the test throws at you. In this article, I’ll walk you through the answers to some of the toughest questions I’ve seen on the ACT Reading section. Why exactly are they so hard? How do you tackle them? How well will you do? Challenge yourself for that top score. Detail Questions Detail Questions will ask you to paraphrase or analyze a specific part of the passage.These questions can be difficult because they require a strong understanding of the author's specfic viewpoint and a high level of reading comprehension. Here’s one of the hardest detail questions about the narrator’s point of view that I’ve come across on the ACT: In the last paragraph, a comparison is made between "diminished excellence" and "flawed competence." From the narrator's point of view, the conditions are different because the one is: F. a source of sorrow while the other is a source of pride.G. based in the family while the other is based in the self.H. inherent in the environment while the other is inherent in the individual.J. a sign that the individual can improve the world while the other is a sign that the individual can't. This is the comparison the question refers to: We plan makers are accustomed to things turning out not-quite-as-good-as-we-had-in-mind. Our world view includes the â€Å"diminished excellence† component. Diminished excellence is a condition of the world and therefore never an occasion for sorrow, whereas flawed competence comes out of character and therefore is frequently the reason for the bowed head, the furrowed brow. How do we go about solving a question like this? First, we need to establish what the narrator is saying about the difference between diminished excellence and flawed competence. What is diminished excellence, according to the passage? It’s a â€Å"condition of the world† and â€Å"never an occasion for sorrow†.Diminished excellence is not something to be sad about because it’s out of our control and exists naturally in the world. Ok, how about flawed competence? In contrast, flawed competence â€Å"comes out of character† and is a reason for â€Å"the bowed head†.Flawed competence is a part of the individual, not an immutable condition of the world, so it can be cause for distress. Ok, we know the difference. Now let’s examine the answer choices. Choice F:a source of sorrow while the other is a source of pride Well, one of them is a source of some degree of sorrow (flawed competence), but neither is a source of pride, so this doesn’t work. Nope, this is an irrelevant answer! Choice G:based in the family while the other is based in the self Again, this is sort of half-correct in that flawed competence is based in the self. However, diminished excellence is not based in the family - it’s based in the world at large. Nothing in this answer choice describes diminished excellence. Cross this one out too! Choice H:inherent in the environment while the other is inherent in the individual This seems likely.Diminished excellence is described as a â€Å"condition of the world†, so it’s inherent in the environment.Flawed competence â€Å"comes out of character†, so it’s inherent in the individual. Keep this one! Choice J:a sign that the individual can improve the world while the other is a sign that the individual can’t This is a confusing answer choice, because we don’t see either of the conditions described as signs of anything in the passage.Diminished excellence could be interpreted as a sign that the individual can’t improve the world, but flawed competence certainly isn’t any kind of sign that an individual CAN improve it. This answer is a weird concept jumble - get rid of it! Choice H is our answer! This question was tough because it asked us to consider and compare two complicated ideas in the passage.We had to grapple with abstract concepts as well as be very specific with our answer choice. You can see, however, that when we closely examine the direct evidence and definitions provided, it becomes very clear which answers should be eliminated. If you come across unfamiliar concepts in the passage that you need to understand to answer a question, sometimes it's helpful to write down their definitions in a simpler form next to the question so you can stay focused. Sometimes you have to look at things from the author's point of view on the ACT, even if you can tell he's someone who wears ugly glasses and stares off into the sunset wondering why he wasted the best years of his life. Development and Function Questions Development and function questions ask about the structure of the reading passage and how certain lines or paragraphs contribute to its meaning.These questions can be difficult because you have to have a strong understanding of the argument presented in the passage and how each piece of the passage fits into that argument. Here’s one of the hardest ACT questions I’ve seen in this category: The author uses the events listed in lines 77-79 primarily to: F. show how weather-related disasters threatened the survival of Western civilization.G. criticize subsistence-level agriculture as being too dependent on the weather.H. illustrate how environmental determinism operated in the Little Ice Age.J. suggest the part that climate shifts may have had in producing modern Europe. Here are is the paragraph we need to reference: Consider, for instance, the food crises that engulfed Europe during the Little Ice Age - the great hunger of 1315 to 1319, the food dearths of 1741, and 1816, "the year without a summer" - to mention only a few. These crises in themselves did not threaten the continued existence of Western civilization, but they surely played an important role in the formation of modern Europe. Some of these crises resulted from climactic shifts, others from human ineptitude or disastrous economic or political policy; many from a combination of all three. Environmental determinism may be intellectually bankrupt, but climate change is the ignored player on the historical stage. I have the whole paragraph copied here, rather than just the lines in the question, because it’s necessary to read beyond the lines to get the right answer. That’s part of what makes this question difficult. All right - how do we solve this? First, let's figure out what the question is asking. What is the primary purpose of lines 77-79?It’s important not to miss the world "primary" in this question because some of the answer choices are tricky.They might support the author’s point, but they’re not her primary reason for using those lines. Now let’s go through the answer choices and see which one works. Choice F:show how weather-related disasters threatened the survival of Western civilization If you just read the lines mentioned in the question, you might think this answer was plausible.This is why it’s important to make sure to read the whole paragraph surrounding the lines to get the context.In the next sentence, the author specifically says these crises â€Å"did not threaten the continued existence of Western civilization†. This is an opposite answer - get rid of it! Choice G:criticize subsistence-level agriculture as being too dependent on the weather Hmm - it does seem based on these lines that subsistence-level agriculture was too dependent on the weather.But was that the primary point the author was trying to make by citing these crises?No, this answer misses the larger point even if it makes sense on a factual level. Eliminate it! Choice H:illustrate how environmental determinism operated in the Little Ice Age This answer choice would be easier to understand if you had the whole passage to look at, but the Little Ice Age is a time period of climate instability that was described earlier in the passage.These crises did occur during that time period, so that part makes sense. But is the author trying to support environmental determinism?She says it’s â€Å"intellectually bankrupt† at the end of the paragraph. This answer is slightly off - cross it out! Choice J:suggest the part that climate shifts might have had in producing modern Europe This seems right.The paragraph says the crises â€Å"surely played an important role in the formation of modern Europe†, so that's a pretty close paraphrase of this answer choice. This one’s a winner! Choice J is our answer! You’ll notice that the correct answer choice was the last one, so this question could be particularly difficult if you were rushing on the test.Some of the other choices also seem partially right at first glance. That’s why reading carefully and making sure every part of an answer makes sense is so important. That guy on the right is SO done with everyone he knows dying from malnutrition. Inference Questions Perhaps the most difficult ACT Reading questions are those that ask you to make inferences about the passage.This requires more developed extended reasoning skills and a deep understanding of the points being made by the author. Meaning in context questions are a subset of inference questions. They will ask you to look at specific lines in a passage to infer and then paraphrase their meaning. Here is an example of a very difficult meaning in context question on the ACT: Which of the following statements best paraphrases lines 5-8? A. The imagination lacks value and should be ignored in favor of paying attention to the actual world.B. Reason can enhance the imagination but at the expense of experience in the actual world.C. Rather than become isolated, the imagination should connect to the actual world at least occasionally.D. Reason, not the imagination, is the best way to appreciate and enrich the actual world. Here are the lines we’ll need to reference: A mind risks real ignorance for the sometimes paltry prize of an imagination enriched. The trick of reason is to get the imagination to seize the actual world - if only from time to time. This question is so difficult because the lines it references deal with a somewhat confusing and high-level concept. The answer choices also combine a lot of different concepts that are included in the lines but don't necessarily answer the question correctly. Ok, time to solve this. First, let’s try and understand what the lines are saying. What does the first sentence mean? A mind risks real ignorance for the sometimes paltry prize of an imagination enriched. It seems like it's saying that people often gain an enriched imagination at the expense of their knowledge of the real world.â€Å"Real ignorance† is the price they pay for an â€Å"imagination enriched†. Ok, how about the second sentence? The trick of reason is to get the imagination to seize the actual world - if only from time to time. It's saying that in order to overcome the problem in the first sentence, you have to get your imagination to connect with or â€Å"seize† the real world sometimes. It seems like we have a pretty good understanding of the sentiment in the passage: imagination can make you lose touch with the real world if you don’t bridge the gap between the two sometimes. Now let's go through the answer choices. Choice A:The imagination lacks value and should be ignored in favor of paying attention to the actual world. Hmm this sounds pretty extreme. Even though the author does say that you shouldn’t totally lose yourself in imagination, there’s no mention of ignoring it.She says imagination should â€Å"seize the actual world†, so the two are compatible. Imagination doesn’t â€Å"lack value†. This answer is incorrect! Choice B:Reason can enhance the imagination but at the expense of experience in the actual world. This is definitely an opposite answer. How can reason enhance your imagination if you are sacrificing real world experience?The author’s point is that reason should allow you to enhance your imagination by occasionally putting imagination in the context of your experiences in the real world. Eliminate this one! Choice C:Rather than become isolated, the imagination should connect to the actual world at least occasionally. Looking promising. The author definitely says that the imagination shouldn’t be isolated from the real world or the imaginer â€Å"risks real ignorance†.She also says imagination should â€Å"seize the actual world - if only from time to time†. This seems synonymous with connecting â€Å"to the actual world at least occasionally†. Keep this one! Choice D:Reason, not the imagination, is the best way to appreciate and enrich the real world. This is a plausible interpretation of what the author says, but it’s still not correct.It seems like she does believe that imagination can cause you to lose touch with the real world, so it might not be the best way to appreciate or enrich the real world.However, that’s not the point specifically being made in these sentences. Eliminate this one! Choice C is our answer! These answer choices were very difficult because almost all of them included a plausible element, even though only one was close enough to the meaning of the lines to answer the question correctly.This is common with inference or meaning in context questions, which is why reading the question carefully and being ruthless about eliminating answers that aren’t a perfect match is so crucial! What is the "actual world" anyway? How do we know our imaginations aren't, like, just as real? Duuuude. Review The hardest questions on the ACT Reading section ask you to analyze abstract concepts and paraphrase complex viewpoints expressed in passages. Often the answer choices provided will seem plausible or provide a statement that is true but does not directly answer the question being asked. No matter how difficult or confusing a question seems, you can always find the answer by referring to direct evidence from the passage.If you read carefully and don’t stray from the information you are given, you will get all of these questions right every time! What's Next? Read these articles for tips on how to approach ACT Reading passages and to learn more about the four types of passages you'll see on the test. Do you keep running out of time on the ACT Reading section? Learn about how to avoid the time crunch. If you're already achieving high scores on the Reading section and want to know how you can take it to the next level, check out our article on how to get a 36 on ACT Reading. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Reading lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

A Study Of Lyme Disease In New

Jersey Essay, Research Paper Introduction Merely by populating in the universe, human existences are susceptible to disease. Many diseases # 8212 ; for illustration, grippe and TB # 8212 ; are spread when bacteriums or viruses pass from one individual to another. Other diseases are acquired genetically from one? s parents, such as cystic fibrosis. Some diseases, such as bosom disease and osteoporosis, develop as worlds age. Others worlds get from the environment ; illustrations are lead toxic condition and tegument malignant neoplastic disease due to exposure to the Sun. Finally, there are diseases that can be transmitted from animate beings to worlds. Lyme disease is one such disease. Cases of Lyme disease, which is transmitted to worlds and pets by the bite of a tick, are steadily increasing in countries such as the Northeast part of the United States. At present, there is no vaccinum for worlds ; the best manner to forestall Lyme disease is to take safeguards against being bitten by a tick and leting the tick to stay af filiated to the tegument long plenty for the infection to be transmitted. History The narrative of Lyme disease in the United States began in 1975, when two female parents, Polly Murray and Judith Mensch, alarmed by the great figure of instances of joint redness in the their communities of Lyme and Ease Haddam, Connecticut, contacted public wellness governments ( 7:5 ) . The wellness section contacted Allen Steere and his co-workers at Yale University, in New Haven. Steere believed the eruption may supply a hint about the infective agent or environmental toxin that was responsible for arthritis ( 2:26 ) . One early observation made by Steere was an association between the arthritis and a anterior tegument roseola. A connexion was so made between this roseola and a similar 1 called erythema migrans, which comes from the bite of the sheep tick, Ixodes Ricinus and is often found in northern Europe ( 7:5 ) . After field surveies and patient studies were carried out the research workers released three indispensable findings which subsequently led to the find of the infective agent. First, the disease was seasonal, happening most normally in the summer and much less so in the center of the winter. In geographic countries such as Connecticut, these findings suggest that the virus was either a summer virus or an infection carried by and insect or a tick ( 7:35 ) . Second, the disease did non distribute from one individual in a household to another. Summer viruses were normally spread from individual to individual, particularly those populating in the same family. When a summer virus was eliminated, the focal point shifted to the engagement of arthropods ( 7:37 ) . Third, the disease was much more prevalent on one side of the Connecticut River than the other. Since the Connecticut River bisects the province, this became an of import factor in happening the cause of the disease. The research workers found a good correlativity with the frequence of a certain tick now named Ixodes scapularis. When furthered questioned, the affected people remembered being old bitten by a tick ( 2:27 ) . At foremost, the infective agent bring forthing Lyme disease was thought to hold been either a virus, protozoon, Fungis, or bacteriums. Among the possible agents, bacterium was the highest on the list. European doctors had been handling patients with medical specialties that were effectual against bacteriums. However, these findings were non originally accepted in the United States. It was merely after some of the patients in Steere? s survey were successfully treated with antibiotics, which are effectual against bacteriums, but non against viruses, protozoon, or Fungis, that bacterium was determined to be the infective agent ( 14:1015 ) . The specific bacterium was found by Willy Burgdorfer, an expert on a assortment of tick-borne diseases. While working at Montana? s Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Burgdorfer received a cargo of ticks from New York. After looking at the contents of the ticks through a microscope, Burgdorfer found a wavy signifier of a spirochaete that had neer been seen in the Ixodes group of ticks before. After finding that the same spirochaetes were present in ticks taken from Long Island and New Jersey, the freshly named Borrelia burgdorferi was confirmed as the bacterium that caused Lyme disease ( 1:47 ) . THE VECTOR The tick that transmits Lyme disease is called Ixodes scapularis. In the northeasterly and north-central United States it is frequently called the? cervid tick? because it is found so often on cervid. The southern signifier of I. scapularis is normally called the? black legged tick. ? The southern signifier of the species poses less of a menace of infection. Fewer of the southern ticks are infected and they tend to feed on other carnal hosts instead than worlds ( 2:43 ) . The ticks that transmit Lyme disease by and large live about two old ages. I. scapularis larvae, which are non much larger than the period at the terminal of this sentence, hatch in the summer from eggs laid by the grownup female that spring. They normally feed on a field mouse or other gnawer host that summer and into the early autumn. The larvae so alteration into nymphs the first twelvemonth ; these nymphs base on balls through the winter without feeding. the undermentioned spring and summer the nymphs provender on a gnawer or other little animate being. At least three out of four Lyme disease instances in the United States are from the bite of a nymphal tick that occurs sometime between May and August. Most of the bites go unnoticed because the nymphs are so little # 8211 ; about the size of a poppy seed ( 2:45 ) . In the 2nd twelvemonth, the nymph alterations to an grownup after feeding. The larger ticks, particularly the females, are more likely to be noticed by people. I. scapularis grownups bite cervid and other big mammals, such as worlds. The grownups feed subsequently in the twelvemonth than the nymphs and larvae and may stay active even as temperature bead to merely above nothing in the late autumn. Lyme disease infection happening in the autumn, particularly in the nor-east, can normally be attributed to the bite of an grownup ( 2:45-46 ) . Reservoir The Lyme disease spirochaetes can stay active and even multiply inside a tick? s organic structure, but rarely are they passed from an grownup female to her offspring. In order for the spirochaetes to distribute in nature, an septic tick must feed on another animate being, thereby go throughing the spirochaete from that animate being to other feeding ticks. Many types of mammals and birds are capable of hosting the bacterium and of go throughing it on to other ticks, therefore finishing the vector-reservoir-vector rhythm. Because about 99 per centum of the larvae of I. scapularis do non transport the bacteriums even if their grownup female parent of male parent did, the larvae must get the bacteriums by feeding on an septic host. In the instance of cervid ticks this host is normally a wild field mouse, called Peromyscus leucopus. In some parts more than half the mice are infected with Lyme disease bacteriums, therefore supplying a uninterrupted reservoir of the spirochaetes for many ticks. In bad countries for Lyme disease, such as New Jersey, the opportunities that a larva will go septic is as least one in four ( 13:36 ) . Symptom The first mark of the disease in 60 to 80 per centum of the instances is a roseola # 8211 ; a ruddy splodge or bull? s oculus form, frequently no more than 2 1/2 inches across. If left untreated it may, in two hebdomads to a month, expand to four times that size. The roseola does non ever occur at the site of the bite ( 11:9 ) . Often it is found at the axilla, inguen, or the dorsum of the articulatio genus. However, in many instances of Lyme disease no roseola occurs ; therefore it may be necessary to look at other factors before doing a diagnosing ( 16:41 ) . Other common symptoms include icinesss, febrility, weariness, and other flu-like symptoms ( 1:47 ) . If left untreated, the disease spreads to other P humanistic disciplines of the organic structure, and frequently consequences in more joint, tendon and musculus hurting, partial facial palsy, and bosom palpitations ( 8:11 ) . Chronic symptoms can develop if the disease goes untreated for months or old ages, and leads to severe arthritis and neurological jobs ( 5:29 ) . Diagnosis The best manner to get at or except a diagnosing of Lyme disease is to analyze three facets of the patient. The first is to find if the patient exhibits any of the above symptoms. The 2nd is discover whether or non the patient is at a high hazard of undertaking the disease. This factor takes into history the environment in which the patient lives, works, or enjoys his recreational activities. It may besides include whether or non the patient has a pet that may hold brought the ticks into the house ( 16:41 ) . The 3rd factor to see before naming Lyme disease is to execute research lab trials. The Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease recommends a two-test attack to find an active disease or a old infection. A doctor should execute a sensitive enzyme immunochemical assay ( EIA ) or immunofluorescent check ( IFA ) . If a patient trials positive on an EIA or IFA so the doctor should follow up with a standardised Western immunoblot ( 15:937 ) . Treatment In its early phases Lyme disease can easy be treated. Clinical surveies have shown that a 10 twenty-four hours to three hebdomad class of antibiotics is about 95 percent effectual in extinguishing the disease ( 14:1015 ) . Amoxicillin and Vibramycin are the two most prescribed antibiotics. They replaced the earlier interventions of penicillin and Achromycin because they are more easy absorbed by the enteric piece of land and require less frequent dosing ( 9:1 ) . Erythromycin, which is less effectual than penicillin or Achromycin, is now merely used in the intervention of immature kids, pregnant or nursing adult females, and those people allergic to penicillins ( 2:166 ) . If left untreated and allowed to come on to a ulterior phase, Lyme disease may necessitate to be treated with endovenous antibiotics. The success rate at this phase drops significantly and frequently patients will go on to see chronic symptoms ( 2:167 ) . Prevention It is of import to be cognizant if you live in or are going to a high hazard country. Ticks thrive in wooded, shaggy, grassy home grounds, and peculiarly in shady and damp countries. Measures to forestall Lyme disease include have oning long arms and bloomerss when out-of-doorss, inserting bloomerss into socks, and utilizing repellants # 8211 ; permethrin ( sold as Permanoe ) on vesture, and diethyltoluamide ( DEET ) on exposed countries of tegument. The most of import agencies of bar is a complete review of the organic structure at the terminal of every twenty-four hours spent out-of-doorss. A tick must be attached to the organic structure for a lower limit of 24 hours in order to convey the disease ; hence if a tick is found upon review it is non excessively late to forestall the disease from being transmitted. If a tick is discovered embedded in the tegument it should be removed instantly by hold oning the organic structure with a brace of all right tipped pincers and drawing gen tly until the tick comes out ( 4:31 ) . Statistical ASPECTS In 1995 ( the last complete twelvemonth for which figures are available ) , there 11,603 instances of Lyme disease reported in the United States by 43 provinces and the District of Columbia. The overall incidence of the disease was 4.4 per 100,000 people. This was the 2nd highest one-year figure reported since the disease was first tracked in 1982, nevertheless it was an 11 % lessening from the 13, 043 instances reported in 1994 ( 10:274 ) . Despite the national lessening, the incidence of Lyme disease in New Jersey has increased steadily since 1992, from 688 instances to 1,704 in 1995 ( 6: T-3 ) . An overall incidence of 21.1 per 100,000 people was reported ( 10:274 ) . Hunterdon County leads the province and is 2nd among the 3,300 counties in the state in the figure of instances per 100,000 occupants. In 1995, Hunterdon reported 565 instances. Morris County was 2nd in the province coverage 232 instances ( 6: T-3 ) . FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE HIGH INCIDENCE OF LYME DISEASE IN NEW JERSEY The three chief factors lending to the incidence in New Jersey are the sum of cervid nowadays in the province, an increased interaction between people and cervid, and an addition in the figure of doctors naming and describing Lyme disease. The figure of cervid in New Jersey continues to turn every twelvemonth ( 17:41 ) . This population detonation means that there are more cervid for the ticks to feed on and infect. This straight relates to the addition in interaction between people and cervid. As people move into more wooded countries, they are more likely to come in contact with cervid and their home grounds. This provides an chance for the ticks to attach themselves to dress or be found in families ( 13:37 ) . The 3rd factor can be attributed to an addition in consciousness among physicians to name Lyme disease. After a significant sum of media attending given to Lyme disease in the late 1980? s and early 1990? s, physicians all of a sudden began naming the disease in more patients. As an consciousness of the symptoms and hazard factors of Lyme disease increased, doctors were better able to do a more accurate diagnosing. They were now naming Lyme disease in patients that had antecedently been untreated ( 3 ) . Decision It is inevitable that the instances of Lyme disease will go on to increase in New Jersey until more people become cognizant of the earnestness of the disease. In recent old ages, the media has been instrumental in supplying the public with pertinent information refering the symptoms and hazard factors involved in the disease. At present, there is no vaccinum protecting worlds against Lyme disease. The best manner to protect oneself against undertaking Lyme disease is to forestall a tick from holding the chance to convey the infection. 1. Accerrano, Anthony. ? Tick, tick. ? Sports Afield. Aug. 1996. 44-47. 2. Barbour, Alan G. , M.D. Lyme Disease. Baltimore: John? s Hopkins University Press, 1996. 3. Fernandez, Bob. ? New Jersey County Suffering from 2nd Highest Rate of Lyme Disease. ? Tribune News Service. 28 Aug. 1994. 4. Gubler, Diane J. , et Al. ? A Field Guide to Animal-borne Infections. ? Patient Care. 15 Oct. 1994. 23-37. 5. Hearn, Wayne. ? Lyme Disease Back With a Few New Ticks, Er, Tricks. ? American Medical News. 22 Jul. 1996. 29-30. 6. ? It? s Tick Time. ? The Record. 23 Jun. 1996. T-3. 7. Lang, Denise, and Derrick DeSilva, Jr. , M.D. Coping With Lyme Disease. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1993. 8. ? Lingering Lyme Disease. ? Science News. 7 Jan. 1995. 11. 9. ? Lyme Disease: Treatment Controversies Continue. ? Health Facts. Jul. 1995. 1-2. 10. ? Lyme Disease # 8212 ; United States, 1995. ? The Journal of the American Medial Association. 24 Jul. 1996. 274. 11. Miller, Sue. ? Lyme Disease Update. ? Country Journal. Jul.-Aug. 1994. 8. 12. Murray, Polly. The Widening Circle. New York: St. Martin? s Press, 1996. 13. Nelson, Peter. ? Deer Watch. ? National Wildlife. Oct.-Nov. 1994. 34-42. 14. Pfister, Hans- Walter, et Al. ? Lyme Borreliosis: Basic Science and Clinical Aspects. ? The Lancet. 23 Apr. 1994. 1013-1017. 15. ? Recommendations for trial public presentation and reading from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. ? The Journal of the American Medical Association. 27 Sept. 1995. 937. 16. Stewart, Kay B. ? A Quick Expression at Lyme Disease. ? Nursing. Aug. 1994. 41. 17. Sudo, Phil. ? The Bambi Boom. ? Scholastic Update. 16 Apr. 1993. 18.

Supply Chain Integration in the Food Industry Essay

Supply Chain Integration in the Food Industry - Essay Example My first action as the new CEO would be to implement an efficient consumer response (ECR) system. As one author notes, "ECR is an approach to supply chain management which...is a managerial approach that starts with consumer demand and then gears the whole of the supply chain to responding to that demand. It is a customer-driven, demand-pull product management system..." (Gillooley and Varley 42). This method makes particularly good business sense in the retail grocery environment because it is based on supplying products by allying all of the elements of the supply chain with customer purchasing patterns. Consider, for example, how this type of SCM system would increase efficiency during the holidays. Normal sales of large, frozen turkeys are generally low during the months of January through October, but spike over November and December. A supply chain which was based on the ECR model would be integrating suppliers, distributors, and in-store inventories to minimize costs and maxim ize what can only be considered as a diminishing profit margin, e.g., the closer to Thanksgiving it gets, the cheaper the price for the birds and the more competitive the market becomes. The alternatives to this integrated approach are either to run out of inventory and lose market share, or to over-stock and suffer a negative product age issue; neither of which are profitable nor efficient. Accordingly, the ECR would be my first move as the new CEO. My second strategic focus on using supply chain integration would focus on operation and information systems. Similarly to Mr. Johnston, I know that information systems efficiency and interoperability is an important area for an SCM. Proper use of technology to maximize efficiency is well worth the investment, as demonstrated by Wal-Mart in past case studies. One reason information systems are so vital is the operational support they provide and the speed and accuracy at which they provide it. This systems integration directly addresses issues like overstocking which, in many retail businesses is costly, but in a retail grocery setting can be prohibitively expensive. As Ketzenberg and Metters note, "although all major grocers use scanner technology at cash registers...[in most stores] stock ordering is still done manually by employees visually checking shelf sets" (31). It is for this reason that I think Mr. Johnston's investment in technology is astute; and I would do the exact same thing. As the information systems are integrated and the operational aspect of inventory tracking moves from visual unit counts to a more efficient and accurate SCM system, additional benefits will be gained; the ability to interface with the ECR system noted above will permit supply chain managers to monitor the relationship between quantities ordered and sold so that accurate forecasting can bring higher efficiency, lower costs, and greater customer satisfaction. The blending of a

Malcolm Gladwells 'Blink' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Malcolm Gladwells 'Blink' - Essay Example For one, Gladwell is on a sticky wicket. The techniques and reasons are too complex to explain. For another, Gladwell knows what he is talking about. And finally, everyone else knows what Gladwell is talking about. On the spur moment decision, off the cuff remarks, gut feelings, intuition, quick thinking, customarily yield positive results, oftentimes because the person making the decisions and statements know very well what is going on and the reasons behind his or her decisions. Anyone who has read 'Blink' may understand the author's core issue. In simple terms, he is talking about the power of perception. One finds it difficult to disagree with the notion that he or she has never been in a situation when an intuitive stand or decision yielded positive results. The situation may be as varied as the ones author has touched upon, viz. deciding whether a statue is a fake, deciding whether a surgeon is likely to get sued for malpractice, and deciding whether the inhabitant of a particular dorm room is likely to be conscientious. In each case on which the author has elaborated the one making the decision did so with minimum information on hand, two seconds to decide, and with formidable consequences should the decision go wrong. Dr Atul Gawande is more succinct on the issue. ... Dr Atul Gawande is more succinct on the issue. In his book, 'The Bell Curve.' he cites examples of the Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Fairview University's Hospital at Minneapolis to illustrate background, the prevalent status, and the determination to turn around from mediocre to achievements, by skilled team of doctors to improve results from below average practitioners to trail blazers. They do so without any recourse to fresh medical training. They do so with determination, discipline and professional aggressiveness to ensure patients' recovery. Gawande's point of view is that it is not only professional qualification and capabilities, but practice and personal determination to succeed that drives one to achieve feats which may otherwise look impossible. [Atul Gawande].1 Correlation and Calculation In the instances of both Malcolm Gladwell and Atul Gawande the risk factors are overwhelming and possible solutions depend on 'thin slicing' - filtering the very few factors that matter from an overwhelming number of variables. [Malcolm Gladwell].2 Normally everyone is taught not to make hasty decisions, look before leaping, think, look at all angles, don't go by feelings, and to make maximum efforts at information gathering and consultation before making a decision. However, not everyone is instructed on how to go about handling a life and death situation, a crisis, walking tightrope over the Niagara, or accompany a close relative on his or her last walk to the gallows. Moreover, it is natural to pass the buck in a crisis situation or as a last resort, leave difficult, dangerous, embarrassing, debilitating situations to the Almighty in prayer! The person facing the crisis is a lone ranger facing the most unfortunate situation in his or her life.

Roman Woman Profile Essay -- Sculpture Art Roman Essays

Roman Woman Profile The sculpture that we have observed has been dated to the first half of the first century C.E. This places the portrait during the Julio-Claudian period in Roman history. From the information we have gathered about the time period, the woman's style of dress and of the types of sculpture prevelant during the period, we have formed a possible profile of the daily life of the subject. It was determined that the women in the portrait was most likely a freeborn, upper-middle class citizen of Rome. The portrait seems to have been a part of a funerary monument, a conclusion which was drawn due to the pattern of cleavage observed at the back of her head and the sides of her face. It was also observed that there was a piece of metal in the back of the head which could have been used to clasp the head to the monument. Comparisons with other known funerary monuments corroberate with this explanation. Since this is the likely case, several determinations can be made. Not many funerary monuments were made for the lower class, but for the upper class, parents often prepared funerary monuments for their daughters after having married them off (Pomeroy 149-189). Using this rationale, it can be concluded that she remained in the upper class after marriage, as upper class women were often married to upper class men (Pomeroy 149-189). The veristic form of sculpturing used led us to believe that she was not a part of the elite court class, for during the Julio-Claudian period, most portraits of upper class women were of the idealistic, eternal youth imagery, exhibiting smooth, beautiful features (Kleiner 139). The portrait of our Julio-Claudian matron, however, exhibited many realistic features that would not exemplify be... ...ed only women and some at which both men and women were present. She had leadership over her household, including her children and slaves, though she was subservient to her husband. Works Cited Cormack, S. (1996). The Domestic Realm. In D. E. Kleiner and S. B. Matheson (Eds.) I Claudia: Women in Ancient Rome (pp. 167). University of Texas Press. Austin, TX. Johansen, F. (1994). Catalogue. In A. M Neilson (Ed). Roman Portraits I. (pp. 246-7). Bianco Luno Copenhagen. Kleiner, Diana E. (1992). Art under the Julio-Claudians. Roman Sculpture. (pp. 139). New Haven, Bt: Yale University Press. Peradotto, J. (1984). Women in the Ancient World. (pp. 241) New York, NY: State University of New York Press. Pomeroy, S. (1976). The Roman matron of the late republic and early empire. Goddesses, Whores, Wives and Slaves. (pp. 149-189). New York, NY: Schocken Books.

How to quite smoking Essay

The smoking problem has become quite prevalent in our society. Several governments have had problems dealing with a huge health care burden due to diseases and conditions brought about by smoking. At the same time, individuals suffer several addictive and health issues due to smoking. While this information may be apparent to most of the smokers, studies have found that quitting a smoking habit is quite a challenge. The reason behind such challenge is attributed to Nicotine. Nicotine is an addictive substance naturally occurring in Tobacco. Nicotine, just like any other addictive substance creates a new feeling to the user. It creates feeling associated with drug such as cocaine, heroin and methamphetamine. Therefore, an attempt to stop quit is usually a difficult undertaking due to the emotional, mental and physical attachment to the nicotine. This paper will provide a step by step process that would assist a smoker to quit. The first step in quitting smoking is by making a vital decision that there is need to quit the practice. It is upon the smoker to make individual effort and get to the point of conceding to the position that smoking is both repugnant and unhealthy. Smoking is one of the greatest health risk known to humanity. There are several health conditions and diseases that can directly or indirectly be associated with smoking.One of the greatest health concerns for smoking is cancer. It is common knowledge, almost known to everyone, that smoking is a leading cause for lung cancer. Other cancers that have attributed to smoking include cancer of the throat (pharynx), mouth, blabber, nose, kidney, pancreas, stomach, colon and acute myeloid leukemia.Health conditions relating to smoking do not end there. Long time  smoking has been associated with heart attacks, blood vessel diseases and stroke. It may also lead to blindness, tooth loss, bad breath, gum diseases and poor personal hygiene. Moreover, smoking has serious repercussion on women and babies. Older women who smoke and use birth control pills tremendously increase their susceptibility to cancer and blood clots in the blood vessels (American Lung Association, 2011). Finally, quitting smoking will increase the life of an individual and this perhaps one of the most important reasons to quit smoking. Therefore, the first step in quitting smoking is making the decision to quit. Once the decision to quit smoking has been arrived at, the next important step is to set a date that the quitting starts. It is advisable to pick a quitting date that is within the month. This is due to the fact that taking too long to start the quit process will provide enough time to rationalize smoking and thus reverse the decision the quit. At the same time, one should take time to make a quit strategy in order to review all angles to evade failure. Thus, an individual could take about two to three weeks to properly plan the quit.This time should also be used to develop and identify physical and emotional activities that will replace the role of nicotine. In most cases, smoking is a routine performed along with other activities such watching TV, drinking, breaks at work or drinking coffee. One should identify these activities in order to replace the smoking with something else. For instance, if free hours were spent drinking and watching TV while smoking, such free time should be used in other activities say going to the gym, swimming, cycling or taking extra working hours. The emphasis is physical and mental involvement taking the mind and body off smoking. A successful quit is proved by a total avoidance of nicotine in all its variations. A quitting smoker who is around other smokers is very likely to revert to smoking. Either, going to locations where there smokers exposes the individual to secondary smoke which still contains nicotine and the psychological effects may be as smoking. Therefore, a quitting smoker should try as possible to keep off heavy smoking locations as well as friends.On the other hand, a quitting smoker should try and gain new behavior. If during smoking, the quitting individual was used to coffee and alcohol, it  advisable to switch to other drinks such juice and water. There are other things used to occupy the mouth such sugarless gum, carrot sticks or just hard candy. Smoke quitters may not be able be cope with a complete quit due to a high physical dependence on nicotine. While this may be case, studies have found medication that assist quitters cope with lack of nicotine. There are several nicotine replacement therapies that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Some of the most common replacement therapies include patch, lozenges, gum, inhalers and nasal sprays. These replacement therapies contain a predetermined dosage of nicotine. The idea is to provide the body with a diminishing amount of nicotine so that the physical shock to the body is mitigated. However, any replacement therapy should not be administered by the patient. A quitting smoker needs to consult a physician in order to establish the extent and type of therapy to use. Either, the dosage used should be such that weaning off should be steady in order to record results. Therefore, it is important to have a personal physician who will provide guidance through out the quitting process. Smoking is a habit, usually easy to pick up but extremely difficult to let go. Several youths in their prime find smoking a â€Å"cool† indulgence and in most cases do not draw any direct pleasure from it. With time though, they become addicted to the nicotine and in the process grow as older smoking. With it come the health risks such as cancer, lung disease, stroke, heart attack, gum disease among others. Other undesirable outcomes have long been associated with smoking. In retrospect, it is of vital importance that individuals should quit smoking. It begins by the individual admitting that the practice is dangerous, health-wise and therefore must quit. The next step is draw a plan on when and how to stop smoking. The individual should develop activities that would replace time spent during smoking. Either, a change of character will be paramount for the individual to do away with things that remind them of the smoky past. Finally, quitters who need additional pharmaceutical therapy may seek such therapy with the assistance of qualified physicians. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2008 ). _Annual smoking-attributable mortality, years of potential life lost, and economic costs – United States, 2000-2004 MMWR._ . Retrieved November 21, 2012 , from www.cdc.gov: www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5745a3.htm American Cancer Society. (2012 , October 18 ). _Guide to Quitting Smoking._ Retrieved November 21, 2012 , from www.cancer.org. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/002971-pdf.pdf American Lung Association. (2011). _Trends in Tobacco Use._Retrieved November 21, 2012 , from www.lungusa.org: www.lungusa.org/finding-cures/our-research/trend-reports/Tobacco-Trend-Report.pdf